Arguments in favour and against the impact of computers in our society

SOLUTION:

  1. Simultaneous, remote access to patient data Multiple clinicians can access a patient’s record simultaneously from many locations. With the recent advent of secure data transmission over the web, clinicians can now review and edit patient records from anywhere in the world.
  2. Legibility of record Handwritten charts are notoriously difficult to read. On-screen or printed text is often far more legible than handwriting.
  3. Safer data New users often fret over the potential for lost data due to system malfunctions. With a well designed and tested backup scheme and disaster recovery system, a computer-based record is much more reliable and less prone to data loss than conventional paper-based records.
  4. Patient data confidentiality Record access can be restricted and monitored automatically; each user can have specific levels of access to various data types. Audit logs can be screened electronically to look for statistical abnormalities which may signal unauthorized record accesses.
  5. Flexible data layout Users can have a separate data display and data entry screen, recall data in any order (e.g., chronologically or in reverse chronological order), and create disease or condition specific data review formats. Paper records suffer from temporal constraints in the sense that data are fixed in the exact sequence in which they were recorded.
  6. Integration with other information resources Once in electronic form a patient’s data can be linked to reference information stored and maintained locally or, via the internet, on a computer half-way around the world.
  7. Incorporation of electronic data Physiologic data can be captured automatically from bedside monitors, laboratory analyzers, and imaging devices located throughout the healthcare enterprise. Such data capture is free from the uncertainties and unreliabilities of human data entry efforts.
  8. Continuous data processing Provided that data are structured and coded in an unambiguous fashion, programs can continuously check and filter the data for errors, summarize and interpret data, and issue alerts and/or reminders to clinicians following the detection of potentially life-threatening events.
  9. Assisted search In a small fraction of the time required using a manual system, computers can search free-text (or as Octo Barnett terms it “expensive text”) as well as structured data to find a specific data value or to determine whether a particular item has ever been recorded. However, unstructured text must be searched with care since clinicians use many different words and phrases to express the same clinical concept.
  10. Greater range of data output modalities Data can be presented to users via computer-generated voice, two-way pagers, or email, for example. In addition, instructions can be sent to external, computer-controlled devices like automatic pill dispensers, or infusion pumps which will then carry out the clinician’s intended action. Patient-specific alarms can flash lights, ring bells, or buzz buzzers. Finally, multiple single plane images can be transformed back into a single 3-dimensional image and superimposed on the surgeon’s field of view.
  11. Tailored paper output Data can be printed using a variety of fonts, colors, and sizes to help focus the clinician’s attention on the most important data. In addition, images can be combined with textual data to create a more complete “picture” of the patient’s condition.
    Always up to date If the electronic record is integrated, then all data is immediately available to all practitioners regardless of their physical location as soon as the data is entered into the computer. This eliminates the problems associated with several physicians, each keeping a small portion of a patient’s medical record in their offices and transferring these paper-based records back and forth as they consult.

DISADVANTAGES

  • Discouraging people with less technology advantages. Internet availability.
  • Connection tariffs. Speed of technologies advance outsmart the users’ possibilities.
  • Technical disabilities need more acquired knowledge. Centres on one specialisation at a time.
  • Learning a lot in a particular study field is not necesarilly useful.
  • Non-availability of on-line reference material.
  • Many institutions does not recognise a specific qualification.
  • English knowledge must be satisfactory.
  • Overestimation of time available. learners experience frustration going through all their mail messages.
  • Limitations of Computers Computer networks are costly to develop. Technology is changing rapidly.
  • Wildspread computer illiteracy still exist. Students must be highly motivated and proficient in computer operation.

Disadvantages of Computer Conferencing

Problems with reliable access to the Internet. Learning curve and time investments can be very steep. Software configurations do not necessarily communicate with each other. Students do not always have a good knowledge of telecommunications software. Students have to remember to log in frequently. Misunderstandings can arise quickly and be difficult and time-consuming to solve.